![]() ![]() The results suggest that the formal theory of matching does not describe the data, and that the modern theory may provide an accurate and coherent description of concurrent and single-alternative responding. The values of the parameters were consistent with empirical findings and theoretical predictions, including the prediction that k should remain constant across changes in reinforcer magnitude. The equations accounted for a high percentage of variance, and the standardized residuals were not correlated with the predicted response rates. The equations predicted relative and absolute responding, and the independent variables in each equation were adjusted for bias and sensitivity. To test the modern account, an ensemble of four equations was fitted to the data. Although the equations accounted for a high percentage of variance, there was a significant negative correlation between the standardized residuals and the predicted response rates. To test the formal account, two absolute response rate equations were fitted to the response and reinforcement rates at each alternative at each magnitude. alternative remained constant, and five magnitudes were presented across sessions on the other alternative. All schedules were presented during each session. Six humans pressed a lever for monetary reinforcers on five concurrent variable interval (VI) schedules of reinforcement. The present study tested a formal, or purely mathematical, theory of matching, and a modern account derived by McDowell (1986) that incorporates deviations from strict matching-bias and sensitivity. That meaning is, secondly, obtained by focusing on the uses the author makes of the name of function in that manuscript. Firstly, a brief reconstruction of the history of the instinct of functionality is on that purpose made - a reconstruction, which can be used as a framework to understand what the concept of function means. In this paper I aim to explore the meaning of the name function within the context of its rising, that is, 1673 manuscript De functionibus plagulae quattuor. However, not much has been written about the specific way in which Leibniz uses the name function - and the question if the name and the concept of function have always been corresponding is by that frequently ignored. analysis, it is frequently assumed that we also owe him the concept of function itself. Since the German thinker is, along with I. Leibniz who uses the name function in a mathematical sense for the very first time, a name which is brought onto Mathematics in the frame of his infinitesimal analysis. There is no doubt about the importance the notion of function has to Mathematics and Logics from our days. Significant amount of sounds is produced for videos, installations, visualizations and the group of authors regularly participate in art exhibitions and screenings. At the end of the workshop they are able to apply the knowledge in practice and implement graphical sound to their projects. Small groups of women learn about theoretical background of graphical sound and they practice. ČIPke (Ljubljana, Slovenia), a non-profit initiative for researching the conditions for women who are active in the context of science, technology and media art, develops and organizes practical educational workshops on graphical sound synthesis. Software solutions are simple and enable even beginners reach original and valuable results. They are still in use in radio, film, video, television, new media art and industry and in masterpieces as well. In twenty-first century, tools and technologies for synthesizing sound from light comprise a set of software solutions for different operational systems including applications for mobile devices. Nowadays, significant tools and achievements resulting from the method of graphical sound are available to audience in specialized archives and educational institutions. In twentieth century graphical sounds were explored in radio, film, video and television almost in the Soviet Union, Germany, France, United Kingdom and the United States of America. ![]() Various tools and technologies were used to connect or translate images to sounds (gravicembalo, harpsicord, pyrophone, etc.). Sachs, etc.) while artists have tried to link the image and sound in practice (G. Many significant European culture leaders associated image and sound theoretically (Pythagoras, I. Technology of sound synthesis from a light is a combination of hundreds of years of research in mathematics, optics, electronics, art theory, psychology and communications. ![]()
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